Freight classification is a standardized system used by Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) carriers to determine shipping rates. The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) assigns freight classes from 50 to 500 based on four key factors: density, stowability, handling, and liability.

How Freight Class Affects Shipping Costs

Freight class directly impacts your shipping costs. Lower class numbers (like Class 50) represent dense, easy-to-handle items that cost less to ship. Higher class numbers (like Class 500) represent low-density, difficult-to-handle, or high-value items that cost more to ship.

The Four Factors of Freight Classification

1. Density

Density is the most important factor, calculated as weight divided by volume (pounds per cubic foot). Higher density items typically receive lower freight classes and better rates. Our calculator automatically computes density based on your package dimensions and weight.

2. Stowability

Stowability refers to how easily items can be loaded with other freight. Items with unusual dimensions, hazardous materials, or special requirements may receive higher classifications regardless of density.

3. Handling

Handling considers how difficult items are to load, unload, and transport. Fragile items, those requiring special equipment, or items that are difficult to handle may receive higher freight classes.

4. Liability

Liability accounts for the item's susceptibility to theft, damage, or causing damage to other freight. High-value, fragile, or hazardous items typically receive higher freight classifications.

Common Freight Classes and Examples

Tips for Reducing Freight Costs

• Optimize packaging: Use smaller boxes and eliminate excess packaging to increase density
• Consolidate shipments: Combine multiple items into fewer, denser packages
• Accurate classification: Ensure proper freight class to avoid reclassification fees
• Consider palletizing: Palletized freight often receives better handling and rates
• Work with carriers: Establish relationships with LTL carriers for better pricing

Using This Calculator

Our freight class calculator provides an estimate based on density and commodity type. While density is the primary factor, the actual freight class may vary based on specific NMFC codes, carrier policies, and the other classification factors mentioned above.

For the most accurate classification, consult the official NMFC directory or work with your LTL carrier. Many carriers also offer freight classification services to ensure accurate pricing and avoid reclassification charges.