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Understanding Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood. It's measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (when the heart rests between beats). Understanding your blood pressure category is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health.

Blood Pressure Categories Explained

The American Heart Association defines five blood pressure categories. Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg. Elevated blood pressure ranges from 120-129 systolic and less than 80 diastolic. Stage 1 hypertension is 130-139/80-89 mmHg, while Stage 2 hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher. A hypertensive crisis occurs when readings exceed 180/120 mmHg and requires immediate medical attention.

Factors Affecting Blood Pressure

• Age: Blood pressure typically increases with age due to arterial stiffening.
• Weight: Excess weight requires more blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
• Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels.
• Diet: High sodium intake and low potassium intake can elevate blood pressure.
• Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to long-term blood pressure elevation.
• Genetics: Family history of hypertension increases your risk.

Managing Blood Pressure

Lifestyle modifications are the first line of defense against high blood pressure. These include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting sodium intake, managing stress, avoiding tobacco, and limiting alcohol consumption. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet has been specifically proven effective for blood pressure management.

When to Seek Medical Care

Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential, especially if you have risk factors for hypertension. Seek immediate medical attention if your blood pressure exceeds 180/120 mmHg, particularly if you experience symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness, weakness, vision changes, or difficulty speaking. Even without symptoms, consistently elevated readings require medical evaluation and possible treatment to prevent complications like heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.